Autism
The DSM-5, published in 2013, redefined the autism spectrum to encompass the previous (DSM-IV-TR) diagnoses of autism, Asperger Syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), childhood disintegrative disorder, and Rett Syndrome. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum
Steve Silberman (Wired Mag) on Asperger Syndrome variant and its existence in the Hacker community
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