an attempt to provide WelFare without the negative side-effects

http://www.centersds.com/briefintro.htm

[Joel Schwartz] writes Both Nobel economist Milton Friedman and President Richard Nixon backed some version of a guaranteed income program. But we now know empirically from the Office of Economic Opportunity's ten-year Negative Income Tax experiment (conducted from 1968 to 1978, primarily in [Denver Co] and Seattle Wa) that such subsidies significantly weaken the [Work Ethic]. The experiment found, too, that income guarantees correlate with family dissolution. (Teenage Pregnancy)

See also [Philippe Van Parijs] on [Basic Income]

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• [Basic Income European Network] http://www.etes.ucl.ac.be/bien/BI/Definition.htm

Modern proposals for a [GAI] have usually taken two basic forms that reflect these very different purposes and an infinite number of variations. The form usually favoured by people who place a high value on simplification and work incentives is the Negative Income Tax ([NIT]). This is a payment by governments to persons or households below certain income level as opposed to positive income taxes which are paid to governments by persons with income above a certain level. The [NIT] was initially conceived by the American economist [George Stigler], in 1946... The second form of [GAI] is the [Universal Demogrant] ([UD]). This is a payment to all persons regardless of income. It is usually favoured by those who see the [GAI] as a right of citizenship and whose purpose is to eliminate PoverTy and lead to more equal sharing of the economic benefits of society. This approach to a [GAI] received its classic description by another American economist, [Robert Theobald], in his 1965 book, [Free Men And Free Markets].

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